chemosensivity
Furthermore, the chemoresistance of Plasmodium falciparum imposes therapeutic choices with less well-tolerated and much more expensive molecules than chloroquine, resistance to these new molecules may also develop rapidly, if they are not used judiciously.
Only evidence of the parasite may provide a sure diagnosis and lead to appropriate treatment., \'Malaria is the most important and the most widespread of the transmissible diseases.
It threatens almost one third of Humanity, affects around 600 million people and is responsible, each year, for more than 2 million deaths, caused by microscopic parasites, Plasmodia, this disease is transmitted by the bite of certain mosquitoes, the Anopheles.
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Its symptoms include bouts of a special type of fever, as well as an increase in the volume of the spleen and various other disorders, but malaria may involve complications such as cerebral attacks causing a fatal coma, especially among young children living in malaria-endemic areas or among expatriates and tourists.
chemosensivity
Globally, malaria thrives in various inter-tropical regions, with the obvious exception of the desert areas or high mountains, beyond geographical or climatic factors, the frequency of the disease is essentially controlled by the mosquito vector.
Certain species are, in fact, more active than others, this explains the frequency and the intensity of the infection in inter-tropical Africa and in certain regions of the Amazon Basin.
On the other hand, the intensity of transmission is lower in other inter-tropical regions and especially in South East Asia, the agents of malaria, called Plasmodia, are microscopic parasites measuring a few thousandths of a millimeter, which always develop inside host cells, of the 4 plasmodial species that can live as a parasite in humans, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae, the most important is Plasmodium falciparum since it is both the most widespread and the only one capable of producing fatal complications.
The Plasmodia develop inside red blood cells, they reproduce by asexual multiplication.
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The affected red blood cells eventually burst, releasing their parasites which can reach other red blood cells and continue to develop, when they burst, certain substances are released hemozoin.
They play an essential role in the appearance of the fever, in addition, the development of all the Plasmodia quickly becomes synchronous, so that all the infected red blood cells burst at the same time and release both the parasites and the hemozoin they contained.
This blood \'\'cycle\'\' is the explanation for the periodicity of malarial fevers, it recurs regularly, every 48 hours for Plasmodium falciparum malignant tertian fever for Plasmodium vivax and for Plasmodium ovale non-malignant tertian fevers and every 72 hours for Plasmodium malariae quartan fever.
After several cycles, the Plasmodia present in the blood may give rise to sexual forms whose development can only take place in the disease-carrying mosquito, the anopheles, only the females of this insect bite humans, this \'\' blood meal\'\' is always nocturnal.
As they ingurgitate microscopic quantities of blood, the anophelines also take in Plasmodia which multiply in the insect, after a few weeks these plasmodia give rise to infesting forms which will accumulate in the mosquito\'s saliva glands.
Transmission to another subject takes place when the mosquito takes another blood meal, in the human body, the Plasmodia begin to multiply intensely in the liver.
