Anopheles gambiae is observed around the coast of Madagascar and in the Comoros archipelago. 

Anopheles arabiensis is observed on the Hautes-Terres (High Grounds) of Madagascar where rice paddies are to be found, as well as in the South and West of Madagascar, the Comoros archipelago, Mayotte, Reunion Island and Mauritius.

Anopheles merus is a secondary vector, present in the South of Madagascar.

Anopheles funestus  is to be found throughout  Madagascar. It uses the rice paddies as larval breeding grounds. It is the vector responsible for the epidemics at altitude. It is also present in Mayotte, Mohéli and Anjouan.

Anopheles mascarensis is an endemic Anopheles mosquito, present throughout the Madagascan sub-continent. It is a confirmed vector on the coast of the island of Sainte-Marie and it is even the main vector in the region of Fort-Dauphin. Since it is very zoophilic in altitude, it is no longer a vector there.  

There is no malaria vector on Rodrigues, in the Chagos archipelago, in the Seychelles archipelago or on Saint-Brandon.